ASP.NET: HTTP Error 500.19 – Internal Server Error 0x8007000d

When trying to set up a .NET Core 1.0 website I got this error, and tried everything else I could find with no luck, including checking the web.config file, IIS_IUSRS permissions, IIS URL rewrite module, etc. In the end, I installed DotNetCore.1.0.0-WindowsHosting.exe from this page: https://www.microsoft.com/net/download and it started working right away.

Specific link to download: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=817246